Sebuah Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis atas Implementasi Key Performance Indicators
Abstrak
Pengukuran kinerja manajemen berdasarkan Key Performance Indicator (KPI) sudah banyak diterapkan di berbagai macam organisasi manapun. Makalah ini mempunyai tujuan untuk mengidentifikasi Key Performance Indicator (KPI) dan mengelompokannya berdasarkan pengukuran kinerja untuk meningkatkan kinerja organisasi manajemen yang optimal. Penelitian ini berdasarkan literature review sebanyak 50 jurnal berdasarkan performance management yang membobot Key Performance Indicator (KPI) mulai tahun 2011-2020. Pengukuran kinerja dengan Key performance indicator ini dapat diimplementasikan di banyak organisasi instansi seperti di perusahaan sektor industri, jasa, akademik, rumah sakit maupun pemerintahan. KPI dapat merubah perilaku dalam organisasi dan memberikan hasil dalam konteks yang luas seperti meningkatkan hasil bisnis atau mendorong peningkatan kinerja operasional. KPI juga membantu dalam mengimplementasikan pengukuran kinerja secara berkesinambungan. Sehingga KPI menjadi cara yang lebih baik dalam mengelola organisasi.
Referensi
P. I. Lubis and I. Kusumanto, “Penilaian Kinerja Karyawan Menggunakan Metode Key Performance Indicators ( KPI ) ( Studi Kasus : Cv . Bunda Bakery Pekanbaru ) CV . Bunda Bakery is a long established cake manufacturer . The process of making cakes in,” J. Sains, Teknol. dan Ind., vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 37–45, 2018.
K. H. Tey, M. Y. Aminah, I. Syuhaida, and F. W. Lee, “A conceptual study Of key barriers in construction project coordination,” Creat. Glob. Compet. Econ. A 360-Degree Approach - Proc. 17th Int. Bus. Inf. Manag. Assoc. Conf. IBIMA 2011, vol. 4, no. August 2019, pp. 325–332, 2011, doi: 10.5171/2012.795679.
D. Velimirovi, M. Velimirovi, and R. Stankovi, “Role and Importance of Key Performance,” Serbian J. Manag. 6 63 - 72, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 63–72, 2011.
C. L. Yang and R. H. Huang, “Key success factors for online auctions: Analysis of auctions of fashion clothing,” Expert Syst. Appl., vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 7774–7783, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2010.12.130.
B. Montoneri, T. T. Lin, C. C. Lee, and S. L. Huang, “Application of data envelopment analysis on the indicators contributing to learning and teaching performance,” Teach. Teach. Educ., vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 382–395, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.tate.2011.11.006.
Y. C. Tsai and Y. T. Cheng, “Analyzing key performance indicators (KPIs) for E-commerce and Internet marketing of elderly products: A review,” Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr., vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 126–132, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2011.05.024.
S. Nurjaman, “Pengukuran Kinerja dengan Metode Balanced Scorecard,” Trikonomika, vol. 12, no. 2, p. 113, 2013, doi: 10.23969/trikonomika.v12i2.473.
E. Suryani and M. Fadli, “Pengukuran Kinerja Efektif Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Dengan Metode Balanced Scorecard Pada Pt Xyz,” ComTech Comput. Math. Eng. Appl., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 688–701, 2013, doi: https://doi.org/10.21512/comtech.v4i1.2736.
A. Authoni and E. Suryani, “Purwarupa Performance Dashboard Untuk Membantu Analisis Data Evaluasi Diri Perguruan Tinggi (PT) Berdasarkan Key Performance Indikators (KPI) Studi Kasus : PT X,” Pros. Semin. Nas. Manaj. Teknol. XXI, no. 2011, pp. C11–C19, 2014.
A. Chandra, “Pengukuran Kinerja Gudang Dengan Menggunakan Metode Balanced Scorecard – Studi Kasus Pada PT . GMS - Jakarta,” J. Metris, vol. 15, pp. 105–110, 2014.
M. Ishaq Bhatti and H. M. Awan, “The key performance indicators (KPIs) and their impact on overall organizational performance,” Qual. Quant., vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 3127–3143, 2014, doi: 10.1007/s11135-013-9945-y.
T. L. Ngan, E. T. H. Wong, K. L. S. Ng, P. K. S. Jeor, M. Y. Y. Law, and G. G. Lo, “Key performance indicators for comparing the performance of portable radiography: Direct digital radiography versus conventional machine computed radiography - A study in a Nonacute hospital,” J. Med. Imaging Radiat. Sci., vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 105–114, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.jmir.2013.08.004.
U. Asgher and M. Romero, “Analysis and Modeling of Academia’s Collaborative Decision Support System Based on Key Performance Indicators and Degree of Certainty,” Procedia Manuf., vol. 3, no. Ahfe, pp. 4084–4089, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.980.
E. Amrina and A. L. Vilsi, “Key performance indicators for sustainable manufacturing evaluation in cement industry,” Procedia CIRP, vol. 26, no. December 2015, pp. 19–23, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.procir.2014.07.173.
D. A. Putri and N. U. Handayani, “Pengukuran Kinerja Karyawan Pt. Pertamina (Persero) Tbbm Semarang Group Dengan Pendekatan Human Resources Scorecard,” J@Ti Undip J. Tek. Ind., vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 187–196, 2015, doi: 10.12777/jati.10.3.187-196.
I. Graham et al., “Performance measurement and KPIs for remanufacturing,” J. Remanufacturing, vol. 5, no. 1, 2015, doi: 10.1186/s13243-015-0019-2.
N. T. Putri, I. Insannul Kamil, and D. Ramadian, “Pemeliharaan Lampu Jalan Berdasarkan Key Performance Indicators ( Kpi ’ S ),” J. Optimasi Sist. Ind., vol. 11 No. 2, pp. 225–234, 2015.
R. Nurcahyo, A. D. Wibowo, and R. F. E. Putra, “Key performance indicators development for government agency,” Int. J. Technol., vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 856–863, 2015, doi: 10.14716/ijtech.v6i5.1840.
H. Rødseth, J. O. Strandhagen, and P. Schjølberg, “Key performance indicators for integrating maintenance management and manufacturing planning and control,” IFIP Adv. Inf. Commun. Technol., vol. 459, pp. 70–77, 2015, doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-22756-6_9.
Samsinar dan Putrianti, “Analisa Dan Perancangan Sistem Key Performance Indicators Berbasis WEB,” Karakteristik Sist., vol. 2, no. 18, pp. 9–10, 2015, doi: 10.31962/jiitr.v2i2.61.
A. Agustin, “Pengembangan Model Sistem Pengukuran Kinerja Dosen Berdasarkan TridharmaPerguruan Tinggi Menggunakan Key Performance Indicatordi STMIK Amik Riau,” INOVTEK Polbeng - Seri Inform., vol. 1, no. 1, p. 68, 2016, doi: 10.35314/isi.v1i1.140.
B. Ayub, M. J. Thaheem, and Z. U. Din, “Dynamic Management of Cost Contingency: Impact of KPIs and Risk Perception,” Procedia Eng., vol. 145, pp. 82–87, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2016.04.021.
M. Badawy, A. A. A. El-Aziz, A. M. Idress, H. Hefny, and S. Hossam, “A survey on exploring key performance indicators,” Futur. Comput. Informatics J., vol. 1, no. 1–2, pp. 47–52, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.fcij.2016.04.001.
N. Kang, C. Zhao, J. Li, and J. A. Horst, “A Hierarchical structure of key performance indicators for operation management and continuous improvement in production systems,” Int. J. Prod. Res., vol. 54, no. 21, pp. 6333–6350, 2016, doi: 10.1080/00207543.2015.1136082.
A. Saniuk and R. Waszkowski, “Make-to-order manufacturing - New approach to management of manufacturing processes,” IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 145, no. 2, 2016, doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/145/2/022005.
Ariani, U. Millatul, and A. A. Jakfar, “Penentuan Dan Pembobotan Key Performance Indicator ( Kpi ) Sebagai Alat Pengukuran Kinerja Rantai Pasok Produksi Keju Mozarella Di Cv . Brawijaya Dairy Industry,” Agrointek, vol. 11, no. 1 Maret 2017, pp. 27–36, 2017.
P. Hester, B. Ezell, A. Collins, J. Horst, and K. Lawsure, “A Method for Key Performance Indicator Assessment in Manufacturing Organizations,” Int. J. Oper. Res., vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 157–167, 2017.
I. Putri, Narto, and T. Z.J.H, “Perancangan Sistem Pengukuran Kinerja Menggunakan Metode Prism Performance (Studi Kasus Di PT. POLOWIJO),” vol. 12, no. 361, pp. 64–69, 2017.
H. Jonsson and M. Rudberg, “KPIs for measuring performance of production systems for residential building: A production strategy perspective,” Constr. Innov., vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 381–403, 2017, doi: 10.1108/CI-06-2016-0034.
M. Rokhim, “Penentuan Key Performance Indicator Dengan Metode Balanced Scorecard,” J. Tek. Ind., vol. 18, no. 02, pp. 168–175, 2017.
E. Setiobudi, “Analisis Sistem Penilaian Kinerja Karyawan Studi pada PT. Tridharma Kencana,” JABE (Journal Appl. Bus. Econ., vol. 3, no. 3, p. 170, 2017, doi: 10.30998/jabe.v3i3.1768.
I. Sodikin, P. Wisnubroto, and N. M. Ayunin, “Pengukuran Kinerja Perusahaan Menggunakan Strategic Management Analysis and Reporting Technique (Smart) System Di Pt Telkom Witel Magelang,” IEJST (Industrial Eng. J. Univ. Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa), vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 9–16, 2017.
U. Amrina and A. Firdaus, “the Selection of Productivity Key Performance Indicators for Car Manufacturing Companies Using Integrated Performance Measurement System,” Sinergi, vol. 22, no. 2, p. 101, 2018, doi: 10.22441/sinergi.2018.2.005.
Doto, “Perancangan Penilaian Kinerja Berdasarkan Kompetensi dan KPI,” J. Inkofar, vol. 1, 2018.
Enoch Kimanzi, “Key Performance Indicators for Manufacturing Safety in Paint Manufacturing: A Case of the Kenyan Industry,” Int. J. Eng. Res., vol. V7, no. 03, pp. 43–47, 2018, doi: 10.17577/ijertv7is030043.
J. Hardono, “Perancangan Key performance indicators Kinerja Supply Chain PT. XYZ Dengan Pendekatan Balance Scorecard,” Accel. Success. Ventur. Creat. Growth, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 100–122, 2018, doi: 10.4324/9781315163291-8.
R. Hermansyah and S. Herliani, “Penetapan Key Performance Indicator untuk Model Dashboard Monitoring Layanan Pengadaan Barang Diskominfo Jawa Barat,” Knsi 2018, pp. 1370–1375, 2018.
D. Kibira, M. P. Brundage, S. Feng, and K. C. Morris, “Procedure for Selecting Key Performance Indicators for Sustainable Manufacturing,” J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. Trans. ASME, vol. 140, no. 1, 2018, doi: 10.1115/1.4037439.
I. Mayasari, K. Haryanti, and F. Hindarto, “Penilaian Kinerja Berdasarkan Kompetensi Dan Kpi (Key Performer Indicator) Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum Kabupaten Semarang,” Prediksi, vol. 1, no. 2, p. 224, 2018.
R. A. Sari, R. Yuniarti, and F. R. N. Safitri, “Evaluasi Kinerja Perusahaan Berdasarkan Perspektif Organisasi, Proses, dan Staf Berbasis AHP dan OMAX,” J. Tek. Ind., vol. 19, no. 1, p. 49, 2018, doi: 10.22219/jtiumm.vol19.no1.52-60.
M. K. Thompson, I. K. Juel Jespersen, and T. Kjærgaard, “Design for manufacturing and assembly key performance indicators to support high-speed product development,” Procedia CIRP, vol. 70, pp. 114–119, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.procir.2018.02.005.
L. Zhu, C. Johnsson, M. Varisco, and M. M. Schiraldi, “Key performance indicators for manufacturing operations management - Gap analysis between process industrial needs and ISO 22400 standard,” Procedia Manuf., vol. 25, pp. 82–88, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.promfg.2018.06.060.
S. Hartini and S. Hasibuan, “Analisis Key Performance Indicator Sebagai Alat Pengukuran Kinerja TALENTA Conference Series Indicator Sebagai Alat Pengukuran Kinerja Rantai Pasok Produk Garam Industri Mengunakan Metode SCOR-AHP,” vol. 2, no. 4, 2019, doi: 10.32734/ee.v2i4.663.
S.Kong and J. Liangrokapart, “Developing Performance Measurement System in Food Industry,” 9th Int. Conf. Oper. Supply Chain Manag. Vietnam, pp. 1–10, 2019.
I. Syah, F. A. Setyaningsih, and S. Rahmayuda, “Sistem Informasi Evaluasi Kualitas Kinerja Dosen dalam menentukan Key Performance Indicator,” J. Edukasi dan Penelit. Inform., vol. 5, no. 2, p. 132, 2019, doi: 10.26418/jp.v5i2.29649.
A. Tieber, “Market, Sales and Marketing Key Performance Indicators for Products of Additive Manufacturing Processes,” Acad. J. Econ. Stud., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 42–46, 2019.
Y. Zabidi, “Key Performance Indicator (KPI) Design of Bamboo Creative Industry in Godean Sleman District Area,” Conf. Senat. STT Adisutjipto Yogyakarta, vol. 5, pp. 241–246, 2019, doi: 10.28989/senatik.v5i0.287.
S. Jiang, H. Shi, W. Lin, and H. C. Liu, “A large group linguistic Z-DEMATEL approach for identifying key performance indicators in hospital performance management,” Appl. Soft Comput. J., vol. 86, no. xxxx, p. 105900, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.asoc.2019.105900.
A. R. Maulana and E. S. Suhendra, “Analisis dampak hukuman disiplin terhadap pencapaian key performance indicator (kpi) karyawan lembaga jaminan sosial,” J. Nusant. Apl. Manaj. Bisnis, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 44–55, 2020, doi: 10.29407/nusamba.v5i1.13837.
P. Paduloh and H. Hardi Purba, “Analysis of Productivity Based on Kpi Case Study Automotive Paint Industry,” J. Eng. Manag. Ind. Syst., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1–12, 2020, doi: 10.21776/ub.jemis.2020.008.01.1.
A. Sukmana, “Penilaian Kinerja Organisasi Menggunakan Metode Key Performance Indicators (Kpi) (Studi Kasus: Himpunan Mahasiswa Teknik Industri Universitas Widyatama),” J. Ilm. Teknol. Infomasi Terap., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 163–166, 2020, doi: 10.33197/jitter.vol6.iss2.2020.331.
